Spores used for sowing

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common in the southeastern states, the lower appalachians, and in the tropics, but rare or absent elsewhere in north america. it grows directly from the wood of decaying hardwood logs, and features a coppery brown surface (before it eventually turns black). under the microscope it has fairly small spores

separate species, "xylocoremium flabelliforme," current taxonomic rules require sexual and asexual stages to be treated as one taxonomic entity. the anamorph appears in winter, spring, and early summer, and looks a bit like soggy cotton candy on a tiny stick. thanks to fluff berger and anna henning for...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/xylaria_cubensis.html

cottony scales; the gills are narrowly attached to the stem; the spore print is cinnamon brown; and the mushroom is generally robust in stature. hemipholiota populnea probably appears in your field guide as "pholiota destruens." however, that species has been synonymized with pholiota populnea (see, for

example, noordeloos )—and contemporary dna-based study (jacobssen & larsson ) supports the idea that the species belongs in the genus hemipholiota, more closely related to galerina marginata than to the core group of pholiota species. thanks to stephen morreale and hoa pham for collecting, documenting...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/hemipholiota_populnea.html

, it can be found wherever oaks occur on our continent. the genus spongipellis, in theory, holds polypores that feature thick-walled spores that turn blue when mounted in cotton blue, along with two-layered, zoned flesh—but recent studies (tomsovsky , justo and collaborators, ) have not upheld the idea

with spongipellis pachyodon ) is not very closely related to the official "type species" of the genus spongipellis (spongipellis spumea). justo and collaborators ( ) place spongipellis in a new family, the cerrenaceae, which also contains cerrena unicolor , but the authors do not create a new genus for...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/spongipellis_unicolor.html

natural world. theoretically, it is an agrocybe with a dainty ring and a very skinny stem, typically found in wet places (bogs, marshes, flooded meadows, and so on)--but research by flynn and miller ( ) was not able to uphold agrocybe paludosa as a biological species (see the agrocybe praecox cluster for

more information), and the authors suggest that observing differences in physical features may not be particularly useful for separating the natural species in this group. i assigned the illustrated collection (sorry about the poor quality of the photo) to agrocybe paludosa several years ago, before...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/agrocybe_paludosa.html

stage features a dusty whitish covering, like that of many xylaria anamorphs, but in xylaria cornu-damae the whitish coating hangs around a little longer and is often still present in fragments on mature, teleomorphic fruiting bodies. ultimately, however, microscopic examination is probably required for

successful identification of xylaria cornu-damae; its spores are fairly large (on the xylaria-spore scale) and feature a germ slit that extends only about half the spore's length. description: ecology: saprobic on the rotting deadwood of hardwoods, or appearing terrestrial in the vicinity of hardwood...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/xylaria_cornu-damae.html

base, and copious white to yellowish universal veil material on the cap and stem base. but unlike cortinarius caerulescens, cortinarius moënne-loccozii, cortinarius velicopia, or other similar species from europe and north america, the illinois mushroom features broadly ellipsoid to nearly round spores

, and a pungent, foul odor. for the most contemporary accounting of the european species in the caerulescens group, see knudsen & vesterholt ( ). north american species in the complex come primarily from kauffman ( ), including cortinarius velicopia and, potentially, cortinarius michiganensis and cortinarius...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/cortinarius_sp_02.html

described by linnaeus ( ), and is often called the "black trumpet" in english, or trompette de la mort in french. it is deeply vase-shaped, and its surfaces are dark gray to black. as the mushrooms mature, the outer surfaces develop a whitish to cream-colored sheen, resulting from the maturation of spores

america, where it is replaced by craterellus fallax in eastern north america, and a probably as-yet unnamed species ( craterellus species ) on the west coast. the genetic difference between craterellus cornucopioides and craterellus fallax is paralleled by a morphological difference (which is good news for...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/craterellus_cornucopioides.html

basidiomycetes > agaricales > hydnangiaceae > laccaria . . . ] by michael kuo this little mushroom is easily recognized: it has thick purple gills, a white spore print , and a small cap that is initially purple but soon fades to buff or brownish. it is found east of the rocky mountains, under hardwoods. for

rusty brown spore prints (consequently, the gills in mature specimens are also rusty brown). laccaria amethystea is a synonym. the name laccaria amethystina was previously misapplied, on the west coast, to laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis , but that species has broadly elliptical, rather than round, spores...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/laccaria_amethystina.html

concentric zones of color; growth under mountain spruces; white milk that does not change color but stains the gills brownish to orangish brown; a stem that lacks potholes and discolors brownish when handled; acrid taste; a cap margin that is not hairy, even when young; and large, partially reticulate spores

. lactarius olympianus is reminiscent of several other species in the "lactarius zonarius" group, including the eastern, hardwood-associated lactarius psammicola and the european species lactarius zonarioides. thanks to the sam mitchel herbarium of fungi at the denver botanic gardens for facilitating...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/lactarius_olympianus.html

perforans distinguishes itself by arising from the fallen needles of conifers (usually needles of spruces; sometimes those of pines). it also smells bad. not garlicky or oniony, like some of its marasmioid brethren, but foul and reminiscent of rotten cabbage. microscopic features--which should be checked for

positive identification--include inamyloid, ellipsoid to pip-shaped spores, a lack of notable cystidia, and a pileipellis arranged as a cutis of elements with slightly incrusted walls. the name of this fungus should probably be gymnopus perforans; noordeloos & antonin ( ) have made an official combination...

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/micromphale_perforans.html